PVGIS · SolarMapped
Solar potential in Germany
These figures are the unweighted mean of the city locations listed below, not a national average. Two urban points do not represent an entire country, its roofs or its solar installations.
Explore on the solar map ↗Sampled-city benchmark
PV output is estimated electricity from 1 kWp of installed solar panels. Irradiation is sunlight energy received per square meter on the optimally tilted panel plane; it is not electricity.
For a 5 kWp system, multiply the electricity values by five. This simple scaling does not account for roof-specific shading or equipment constraints.
Range across these cities: 1,052–1,141kWh/kWp/year. Panel tilt and direction are location-specific; see each city.
Monthly solar irradiation and PV output
Highest-output month: July · 127.5kWh/kWp/month. Lowest-output month: December · 39.1kWh/kWp/month.
The chart and table use the mean of the listed cities for each month.
| Month | Estimated PV output (kWh/kWp/month) | Solar irradiation (kWh/m²/month) |
|---|---|---|
| January | 42.6 | 49.5 |
| February | 64.6 | 75.3 |
| March | 97.9 | 117.6 |
| April | 120.4 | 149.8 |
| May | 125 | 158.8 |
| June | 127 | 165.5 |
| July | 127.5 | 167.8 |
| August | 121.2 | 158 |
| September | 105.2 | 133 |
| October | 78.9 | 96.8 |
| November | 47.5 | 56.6 |
| December | 39.1 | 45.7 |
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Data and methodology
PVGIS 5.3 (European Commission Joint Research Centre), crystalline silicon, fixed free-standing installation, 1 kWp, 14% system losses, equator-facing panels with optimized tilt and the terrain horizon. Long-term climate estimates are not a forecast or a roof survey. Nearby buildings, trees, roof constraints, snow and local conditions can change actual output.
- Berlin — Reference coordinates: 52.52, 13.41; Climate dataset / years: PVGIS-SARAH3 / 2005–2023; Data retrieved: .
- Munich — Reference coordinates: 48.14, 11.58; Climate dataset / years: PVGIS-SARAH3 / 2005–2023; Data retrieved: .
PVGIS methodology · Sources and assumptions (English) · Download the underlying data (JSON)